1. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zePlastiki. Le nto eluhlaza ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ngamaminerali obumba, le silicate inesakhiwo esinezingqimba, izinhlayiya ezincane, futhi inepulasitiki ethile. Lapho wenza i-ceramics, izoba nomsebenzi wokubopha kanye ne-plasticizing, ukuze i-grouting ibunjwe ngokushesha, ukuze okungenalutho kuphinde kufakwe kalula, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunokuqina okuqinile kwamakhemikhali nokushisa.
2. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinyumba. Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa usawoti oqukethe umoya-mpilo, ama-aluminium oxides, ama-silicon oxides, njll., futhi lezi zingxenye zamaminerali akuzona ipulasitiki. Lapho wenza i-ceramics, izodlala umsebenzi wokunciphisa i-viscosity, ukuze i-viscosity ye-blank iyancipha. Enye i-quartz ihlanganiswe nengilazi ye-feldspar ukugwema ukuwohloka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
3. Flux izinto zokusetshenziswa. Izingxenye zamaminerali ezifana nezinsimbi ze-alkali, usawoti oqukethe umoya-mpilo kanye nama-oxide ensimbi yomhlaba ene-alkali yimisebenzi eyinhloko, futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko ukusiza ukuncibilika, futhi esimweni sokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, enye i-kaolin ne-quartz ingancibilika, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokufaka usimende lokushisa eliphezulu. Izinto ezivame kakhulu yi-granite, i-dolomite ne-feldspar.
4. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusetshenziswa. Kubuye kube yimpahla eluhlaza esetshenziselwa ukwenza izitsha zobumba, futhi nakuba ingadlali indima enkulu, ibalulekile futhi. Enqubweni yokwenza izitsha zobumba, ukwengeza inani elifanele lezinto ezinjalo zokusetshenziswa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuthile, kuthuthukise inqubo, futhi kuthuthukise ukubukeka nenani lilonke.
