Udumo lwe-porcelain emhlophe ka-Dingyao lwaqala eNkathini YaseNyakatho Yengoma, futhi ukudutshulwa kwe-porcelain emhlophe ka-Dingyao kwaqala eNkathini YaseTang. Indawo ye-Dingyao Kiln itholakala e-Quyangjian Magnetic Village, e-Hebei. I-porcelain emhlophe ye-Dingyao yoBukhosi bukaTang inezici ezifanayo ne-Xingyao porcelain emhlophe, futhi umumo uhlanganisa izitsha, amapuleti, amathreyi, amabhodwe okugcwalisa, izitsha, izitofu ezinemilenze emithathu namathoyizi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi yenkathi ye-Five Dynasties, emaphethelweni emikhumbi anezindebe eziwugqinsi, amahlombe agcwele, izinqe eziyisicaba, nezingezansi eziqinile ezifana nekhekhe eliyindilinga, kanti ezinye zinezinqe eziluhlaza. Iningi le-porcelain emhlophe yobukhosi bakwa-Tang u-Dingyao ifana ne-porcelain emhlophe yase-Xingyao ngaleso sikhathi, ingxenye yethambo le-fetus incane, umbala we-fetus umhlophe, futhi kunolunye uhlobo lwethambo le-fetus elikhudlwana, ingxenye iwugqinsi, kodwa i-sintering ingcono.
Esikhathini se-Neolithic, izitsha zobumba ezimhlophe esikweni laseDawenkou, amanxiwa e-Shang Dynasty's Erligang kanye ne-Yin zibonise ukuphishekela izinto ezimhlophe yizingcweti ngaleso sikhathi.
Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-celadon enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kuqhubeka endaweni yomfula iYangtze (ikakhulukazi iYuedi, Zhejiang) ekhulwini lesi-3, inyakatho, enomthombo wendabuko omhlophe, nayo yazama ukushisa i-porcelain ngendawo ecwebezelayo.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-6, i-Northern Qi (550-577) yakhiqiza izinto ezicwebezelayo ezimhlophe, kodwa ngokombono wekhemisi elicwebezelayo, lezo zitsha ezicwebezelisiwe ezimhlophe zingabizwa kuphela ngokuthi izitsha ezicwebezelisiwe ezinokushisa okuphansi, noma i-lead glazeware esezingeni eliphansi ye-high-temperature semi-temperature emhlophe ye-clazed-porcelain high-porcelain high-temperature yobumba; Nokho, imizamo yangamabomu yababumbi boBukhosi BaseNyakatho yokuphishekela ukubonakala kwezitsha zobumba ezimhlophe isivele isobala.
I-Sui (581-618) kanye ne-Tang (618-907) kwakuyinkathi yokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwemboni ye-porcelain esenyakatho, futhi i-Xing kiln, edume ngokukhiqiza i-porcelain emhlophe ecolekile, yayimele imboni yeziko elisenyakatho, emi eceleni kwe-Yue kiln eseningizimu, yakha iphethini ye-porcelain eseningizimu. Izikloni eziningi kuyo yonke ingxenye esenyakatho yoBukhosi BamaTang zathonywa ama-Xing kilns, ngakho-ke zazifana kakhulu ngesimo, i-glaze, inqubo yokuhlobisa kanye nenqubo yokudubula, futhi i-Ding kiln ayizange ihluke. Ngasekupheleni koMbuso WaseTang, kwakunezinhlobo ezimbili zobumba obumhlophe obusenyakatho: ubumba obucwebezelisiwe obuyisondo elimhlophe kanye nobumba obumhlophe bokwenza ngobumba bokuzenzela, kanti ihhashi lalimele ubumba olucwebezelwe ngamasondo amhlophe. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bamaTang ongasekho, i-Dingzhou yagcina isimo sezombangazwe esizinzile, kanti inhlabathi ye-Lingshan iphakeme kakhulu nge-porcelain kaolin, futhi eseduze nayo inothile nge-feldspar, i-quartz, i-dolomite nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezicwebezelayo, indawo yokukhiqiza ebaluleke kakhulu enyakatho yeJianci Village Jianciling ithuthukisa izimo zemvelo zamalahle zasendulo, ngakho-ke, i-pocelaical yasendulo yemvelo ikhula ngokushesha. imivubukulo yezemvelo yavubukula amasampula amaningi obumba obumba olwedlule lobukhosi bama-Tang akamuva, angabonisa ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe be-Dingyao kanye nokwenza ngcono umthamo wokukhiqiza, ukuze i-Dingyao yobumba emhlophe kancane kancane idlule isimo se-Xingyao.
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-10 ekuqaleni koMbuso Wengoma YaseNyakatho, ingaphezulu le-porcelain emhlophe ye-Dingyao yayinemigqa yokuhlobisa, kodwa eminingi yayo yayingamaphethini aqondile aqoshwe kahle ngemimese eqondile; Udonga lwangaphandle luvame ukuqoshwa ngezingqimba eziningi zamacembe e-lotus, asetshenziswa ku-bas-relief ukukhombisa ukuthi i-lotus petal ngayinye isetshenziswa njengombambo ophakathi nendawo; Ikhethiwe, ingacwebezeli ekugcineni, unqenqema lomlomo lugcwele ukucwebezela, kodwa futhi kuvame ukukhuhla indilinga ye-glaze emlonyeni ngaphambi kokudubula komlilo, noma ukususa unqenqema oluncane emlonyeni ngemva kokudubula. I-porcelain emhlophe yalesi sikhathi yenziwa ukulingisa i-Yaozhou kiln kanye ne-Yue kiln.
Phakathi Nobukhosi Bengoma YaseNyakatho, kusukela kuma-20s kuya ku-50s wekhulu le-11, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Dingyao porcelain baba noshintsho olukhulu. Ummese oqondile wangempela oqoshwe kahle imivimbo yomugqa iguqulwa ibe imivimbo yomugqa omude wombese oblique; Amacembe e-lotus aphakanyiswe embossed ayancishiswa. Iphethini ephrintiwe yesikhunta sangaphakathi iyavela, futhi lesi sikhathi siyaqedwa; Inqubo yokushisa ngokweqile ayizange ithuthukiswe ngokugcwele kuze kube ngama-50s wekhulu le-11. Isitayela seziko saqedwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12, inkathi echuma kakhulu yeNyakatho Yezingoma Zobukhosi, amathuna akwaShi afana namathuna omndeni wakwa-Han Qi kanye namathuna omndeni wakwaLü Dalin avumbulule imisebenzi eminingi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Ding kiln kanye nezingcezwana, ikakhulukazi ezihlanzekile nezimanzi zikabhontshisi porcelain, izici zomlomo we-manganga, umlomo omncane obanzi, i-manganga ebanzi kanye nezinye izindlela.
Kusukela kuma-20s kuya kuma-50s wekhulu le-12, ngalesi sikhathi, iziko kwakungeye-Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), futhi imboni yeziko lachuma, futhi ikhwalithi nobuningi bafinyelela phezulu. Inani le-porcelain emhlophe elavubukulwa engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Jin Dynasty liningi kakhulu. "Umlando Wegolide" uqukethe: "I-Zhending Fu ikhiqiza i-porcelain. â
Esikhathini se-Neolithic, izitsha zobumba ezimhlophe esikweni laseDawenkou, amanxiwa e-Shang Dynasty's Erligang kanye ne-Yin zibonise ukuphishekela izinto ezimhlophe yizingcweti ngaleso sikhathi.
Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-celadon enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kuqhubeka endaweni yomfula iYangtze (ikakhulukazi iYuedi, Zhejiang) ekhulwini lesi-3, inyakatho, enomthombo wendabuko omhlophe, nayo yazama ukushisa i-porcelain ngendawo ecwebezelayo.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-6, i-Northern Qi (550-577) yakhiqiza izinto ezicwebezelayo ezimhlophe, kodwa ngokombono wekhemisi elicwebezelayo, lezo zitsha ezicwebezelisiwe ezimhlophe zingabizwa kuphela ngokuthi izitsha ezicwebezelisiwe ezinokushisa okuphansi, noma i-lead glazeware esezingeni eliphansi ye-high-temperature semi-temperature emhlophe ye-clazed-porcelain high-porcelain high-temperature yobumba; Nokho, imizamo yangamabomu yababumbi boBukhosi BaseNyakatho yokuphishekela ukubonakala kwezitsha zobumba ezimhlophe isivele isobala.
I-Sui (581-618) kanye ne-Tang (618-907) kwakuyinkathi yokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwemboni ye-porcelain esenyakatho, futhi i-Xing kiln, edume ngokukhiqiza i-porcelain emhlophe ecolekile, yayimele imboni yeziko elisenyakatho, emi eceleni kwe-Yue kiln eseningizimu, yakha iphethini ye-porcelain eseningizimu. Izikloni eziningi kuyo yonke ingxenye esenyakatho yoBukhosi BamaTang zathonywa ama-Xing kilns, ngakho-ke zazifana kakhulu ngesimo, i-glaze, inqubo yokuhlobisa kanye nenqubo yokudubula, futhi i-Ding kiln ayizange ihluke. Ngasekupheleni koMbuso WaseTang, kwakunezinhlobo ezimbili zobumba obumhlophe obusenyakatho: ubumba obucwebezelisiwe obuyisondo elimhlophe kanye nobumba obumhlophe bokwenza ngobumba bokuzenzela, kanti ihhashi lalimele ubumba olucwebezelwe ngamasondo amhlophe. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bamaTang ongasekho, i-Dingzhou yagcina isimo sezombangazwe esizinzile, kanti inhlabathi ye-Lingshan iphakeme kakhulu nge-porcelain kaolin, futhi eseduze nayo inothile nge-feldspar, i-quartz, i-dolomite nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezicwebezelayo, indawo yokukhiqiza ebaluleke kakhulu enyakatho yeJianci Village Jianciling ithuthukisa izimo zemvelo zamalahle zasendulo, ngakho-ke, i-pocelaical yasendulo yemvelo ikhula ngokushesha. imivubukulo yezemvelo yavubukula amasampula amaningi obumba obumba olwedlule lobukhosi bama-Tang akamuva, angabonisa ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe be-Dingyao kanye nokwenza ngcono umthamo wokukhiqiza, ukuze i-Dingyao yobumba emhlophe kancane kancane idlule isimo se-Xingyao.
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-10 ekuqaleni koMbuso Wengoma YaseNyakatho, ingaphezulu le-porcelain emhlophe ye-Dingyao yayinemigqa yokuhlobisa, kodwa eminingi yayo yayingamaphethini aqondile aqoshwe kahle ngemimese eqondile; Udonga lwangaphandle luvame ukuqoshwa ngezingqimba eziningi zamacembe e-lotus, asetshenziswa ku-bas-relief ukukhombisa ukuthi i-lotus petal ngayinye isetshenziswa njengombambo ophakathi nendawo; Ikhethiwe, ingacwebezeli ekugcineni, unqenqema lomlomo lugcwele ukucwebezela, kodwa futhi kuvame ukukhuhla indilinga ye-glaze emlonyeni ngaphambi kokudubula komlilo, noma ukususa unqenqema oluncane emlonyeni ngemva kokudubula. I-porcelain emhlophe yalesi sikhathi yenziwa ukulingisa i-Yaozhou kiln kanye ne-Yue kiln.
Phakathi Nobukhosi Bengoma YaseNyakatho, kusukela kuma-20s kuya ku-50s wekhulu le-11, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Dingyao porcelain baba noshintsho olukhulu. Ummese oqondile wangempela oqoshwe kahle imivimbo yomugqa iguqulwa ibe imivimbo yomugqa omude wombese oblique; Amacembe e-lotus aphakanyiswe embossed ayancishiswa. Iphethini ephrintiwe yesikhunta sangaphakathi iyavela, futhi lesi sikhathi siyaqedwa; Inqubo yokushisa ngokweqile ayizange ithuthukiswe ngokugcwele kuze kube ngama-50s wekhulu le-11. Isitayela seziko saqedwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12, inkathi echuma kakhulu yeNyakatho Yezingoma Zobukhosi, amathuna akwaShi afana namathuna omndeni wakwa-Han Qi kanye namathuna omndeni wakwaLü Dalin avumbulule imisebenzi eminingi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Ding kiln kanye nezingcezwana, ikakhulukazi ezihlanzekile nezimanzi zikabhontshisi porcelain, izici zomlomo we-manganga, umlomo omncane obanzi, i-manganga ebanzi kanye nezinye izindlela.
Kusukela kuma-20s kuya kuma-50s wekhulu le-12, ngalesi sikhathi, iziko kwakungeye-Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), futhi imboni yeziko lachuma, futhi ikhwalithi nobuningi bafinyelela phezulu. Inani le-porcelain emhlophe elavubukulwa engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Jin Dynasty liningi kakhulu. "Umlando Wegolide" uqukethe: "I-Zhending Fu ikhiqiza i-porcelain. â
